Exam questions to IS 247.B Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) for Alert Originators. You may be interested in our FEMA IS 247.B Answer Key.
IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN) is which of the following?
A. An Emergency Alert System (EAS)
B. An Alert Disseminator
C. The Alert Aggregator
D. A Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) System
An effective warning message __________.
A. is accompanied by varied siren signals since people will usually understand what the sounds indicate
B. includes sufficient information to validate the public’s risk and spur them to take appropriate action
C. should account for the general panic usually experienced in response to warnings
D. follows the ‘less is more’ principle
IPAWS allows alerting authorities to write their own message using commercially available software that is Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compliant. The message is then delivered to the IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN) where which of the following happens?
A. The sender is authenticated and the message is delivered simultaneously through multiple communication pathways.
B. The message is immediately delivered through multiple communication pathways one at a time.
C. The message is interpreted and then delivered consecutively through multiple pathways.
D. The message is translated, interpreted and delivered through multiple communication pathways.
What are the permission factors you should consider when sending an alert?
A. Dissemination pathway, geographic warning area, and time of day
B. Dissemination pathway, geographic warning area, and cell tower locations
C. Dissemination pathway, geographic warning area, and event codes
D. Time of day, geographic warning area, and event codes
Which of the following lists reflects the purpose and some of the benefits of working in the IPAWS Training and Demonstration Environment (also referred to as the IPAWS TSSF Environment)?
A. The ability to practice translating messages into multiple languages via the IPAWS system; functional assessments; large-scale to small-scale table-top exercise support; and independent alert validation tool (IPAWS Message Viewer).
B. Demonstrations; functional assessments; large-scale to small-scale table-top exercise support; independent alert validation tool (IPAWS Message Viewer); an interactive and a closed IPAWS environment used for testing and training.
C. The ability to send IPAWS practice messages to the public; functional assessments; large-scale to small-scale table-top exercise support; independent alert validation tool (IPAWS Message Viewer); and demonstrations.
D. The ability to send IPAWS practice messages to the public; functional assessments; large-scale to small-scale table-top exercise support; independent alert validation tool (IPAWS Message Viewer); and the ability to cancel erroneous messages sent through the IPAWS live environment.
__________ is/are a useful means of providing additional details that will help the public take action and better respond to a changing threat.
A. Follow-up alerts
B. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
C. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
D. Emergency Alert Systems (EAS)
Which of the following is a benefit of using Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)?
A. A system that translates multiple languages.
B. Subscription based mass notification capabilities.
C. A one-to-many broadcast to a defined geographic area .
D. An easy to use opt-in system.
Which of the following is a national public warning system commonly used by state, local, tribal, and territorial authorities to deliver important emergency information, such as weather and AMBER alerts, to affected communities over broadcast radio and television?
A. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
B. Internet Services
C. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
D. Emergency Alert System (EAS)
You realize you have sent an erroneous message to the public. You cancel the message. What is your next step?
A. You follow up with a new message to communicate any updates or corrections to your previously cancelled message.
B. You now confirm that the public was automatically notified of your cancellation prior to sending a new message.
C. You can rest assured that the public was notified of the cancellation. Now you need to monitor the situation for changes.
D. You notify your team of the erroneous message. Then, confirm that a cancellation went out to the public automatically.
The Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) was established to meet which of the following?
A. Executive Order 13407, which provides for alert and warning on private sector radio and television infrastructure.
B. Public Law 114-143, which requires an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert and warn the American people in situations of war, terrorist attack, natural disaster or other hazards to public safety and well-being.
C. 47 CFR Part 10, which provides for Presidential access to commercial communications during “a state of public peril or disaster or other national emergency.”
D. Executive Order 13407, which requires an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert and warn the American people in situations of war, terrorist attack, natural disaster or other hazards to public safety and well-being.
An effective message must clearly address which of the following:
A. Location, expiration time, local knowledge, state emergency plan, and tribal emergency plan.
B. Source, guidance/time, expiration time, tribal emergency plan, and state emergency plan.
C. Source, threat, guidance/time, local knowledge, and local emergency plan.
D. Source, threat, location, guidance/time, and expiration time.
Which of the following is true about IPAWS and mass notification systems?
A. They differ in that IPAWS provides true location-based alerting by sending alerts to all phones in a cell coverage whereas mass notification systems do not.
B. They are similar in that they both provide true location-based alerting by sending alerts to all phones in a cell coverage – not to a database of phone numbers.
C. They are similar in that they both require opt-in and only send alerts to phone numbers on a database maintained by public safety officials.
D. They differ in that mass notification systems do not require sign-up or registration whereas IPAWS does.
A message has to be input __________. When authenticated, it may be delivered over __________.
A. twice; multiple communication pathways
B. twice; one communication pathway
C. once; multiple communication pathways
D. once; one communication pathway
Once a message is sent, an alert originator should do which of the following?
A. Send recurring copies of the same message every 30 minutes until the event concludes.
B. Continue to monitor the situation and cancel the message, if nothing changes, in the prescribed number of hours for the affected jurisdiction.
C. Report to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that the message was sent.
D. Continue to monitor the situation and send updated messaging, as appropriate, keeping in mind the information that was already sent for relevancy.
I am an eligible IPAWS user who sends alerts to the public. I can operate on the federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial level. What is my formal title?
A. Emergency Manager
B. Alert Originator
C. Alerting Authority
D. Alerting Administrator
As an alert originator you sent an emergency alert that was unclear due to the fact that you could not include all necessary details within the character limitations. Although you included as much information as possible, you fear the message may be ineffective in its current form. What should you do in this situation?
A. Cancel the message altogether which will initiate a cancellation message to the public. No information is better than incomplete information.
B. Cancel the unclear message and try again by sending a second message with the information you could not fit into the first.
C. Cancel the message and notify your supervisor and the Alerting Authority.
D. Send a follow-up emergency alert with additional clarifying information including “2 of 2” or a similar phrase to indicate that it is the second of two related messages.
Which dissemination method does the following list describe? “Activation” interrupts programming only once; Requires local coordination and partnerships; and Stations are not required to air local emergency messages.
A. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
B. Emergency Alert System (EAS)
C. Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA)
D. Non-Weather Emergency Message (NWEM)
The following factors have a significant impact during the message initiation process. (1) skill sets of public-safety answering point (PSAP), (2) skill sets of Emergency Operating Center (EOC) personnel, (3) established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), (4) the alert/warning software being used, and (5) the type of incident. These five factors most likely impact __________.
A. message content, public education, and community interaction/dialogue
B. the situation and call to action, which are part of the initial priority
C. the time lapse from hazard recognition to releasing an alert or warning to the public
D. the time it takes for the public to react to the alert or warning
Using Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), IPAWS alerts are capable of transporting __________.
A. Short Message Service (SMS) text messages
B. rich, multi-media attachments as well as hyperlinks
C. plain text messages only
D. single alerts translated into five or more languages
Which of the following is an element of IPAWS architecture made up of private industry that receives CAP alert messages from the IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN), and sends the messages to the public?
A. Internet Based Services
B. Local authorities
C. Alerting Authorities
D. Alert disseminators
Identify the fact(s) and myth(s) which may influence public response to warning messages: (1) if you false alarm or ‘Cry Wolf’ with your warnings, the public will tune you out; (2) an effective warning message is one with sufficient information; and (3) people usually understand what the sounding of various siren signals mean.
A. Myth; Fact; Myth
B. Fact; Fact; Myth
C. Myth; Fact; Fact
D. Fact; Myth; Fact
When crafting an alert message, which of the following considerations will help reduce public confusion?
A. Being as broad in scope as possible. Don’t be overly specific.
B. Sharing a variety of perspectives in each message. It helps clarify the meaning behind the alert message.
C. Using extensive vocabulary and technical terms. Your goal is to educate the public.
D. Minimizing message content to that which is necessary. Clear and accurate is best.
A mass notification system is a __________ service maintained by public safety officials to distribute alerts. IPAWS is a __________ service and utilizes broadcast to distribute alerts.
A. Non-subscription based; Non-subscription based
B. Non-subscription based; Subscription based
C. Subscription based; Non-subscription based
D. Subscription based; Subscription based
Enhanced geo-targeting is NOT designed to:
A. Be based on the geographic location of the mobile phone itself.
B. Alert mobile phones that are less than 1/10th of a mile (528 feet) outside the targeted alert area.
C. Deliver alerts to 100 percent of WEA-capable mobile phones inside the targeted alert area.
D. Work where cellular networks do not support it.
The following list is comprised of __________: Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), Internet Services, and Emerging Technologies.
A. alert filters
B. alert aggregators
C. alert dissemination pathways
D. Common Alert Protocol (CAP) compliant software vendors
The use of auxiliary systems available to your organization increases modes of communication and provides which of the following benefits?
A. Helps minimize mistakes in communication.
B. Helps you reach 100 percent of the population.
C. Helps you ensure messages differ across distinct platforms.
D. Allows you to reach more diverse groups.
Once you have completed the online the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) training course, what is your next step?
A. Your vendor will clear you to send IPAWS messages.
B. You will be ready to send IPAWS messages.
C. You will receive your IPAWS Training and Demonstration Certificate and either you or your vendor will upload it to the origination software.
D. You will receive your IPAWS Training and Demonstration Certificate and you will send it to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Headquarters for signatures.
IPAWS was created by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to __________.
A. centralize the duties of warning the public to one location and a single level of government via a singular network of government-owned communication systems
B. combine existing alerting systems in the U.S. under one platform
C. help the public cope with major emergencies
D. provide resources during natural disasters, terrorist attacks, situations of war, or other hazards to public safety
A fire has erupted and grown massively. This will have a great impact on several counties in the area. Which affect of strong stakeholder relationships will be beneficial for effective alerting in this scenario?
A. Cross-jurisdictional alerting
B. Social media monitoring
C. Additional dissemination channels
D. Situational considerations
A Collaborative Operating Group (COG) has the authority to send alerts to the public through IPAWS only after __________.
A. the IPAWS Program Management Office (PMO) has approved a successfully executed application
B. an application has been submitted and Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compatible origination software has been purchased
C. a fully executed Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is issued and approval steps are completed at the state and/or tribal level
D. an agreement to exchange alerting information with other COGs has been executed
The ability to verify requirements, assess capabilities, evaluate procedures, identify gaps, mitigate concerns, and improve your organization’s processes, all without involving the public describes the benefits of which of the following?
A. Utilizing Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
B. Utilizing the IPAWS TSSF
C. Utilizing the IPAWS Live System
D. Completing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) training courses
IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN) does NOT do which of the following?
A. Provide translation services and information for public alerting systems.
B. Validate the message destination against IPAWS permissions from the authority’s application.
C. Verify the message format for each dissemination channel.
D. Validate the message content and type against IPAWS permissions from the authority’s application.
You have just sent an emergency alert but accidently included an incorrect geographic area that should not have been included because the emergency event will not impact said area. What should you do?
A. As the alert originator, you should include an apology in a subsequent message to correct the error.
B. As the alert originator, you should follow your agency’s policy for canceling and updating messages.
C. As the alert originator, you should talk it through with your co-worker and then send a follow-up message when time permits.
D. As the alert originator, you should follow your agency’s policy for canceling a message and then send an “all clear” to all affected jurisdictions.
The population impacted by hazards is incredibly diverse in numerous ways. Thus, an alert and warning system needs to do which of the following?
A. Interpret messages in multiple languages including, but not limited to American Sign Language (ASL).
B. Integrate interpreters into the message originating process for more effective messaging.
C. Support this diversity and communicate to each impacted subpopulation effectively.
D. Translate messages into multiple languages including, but not limited to American Sign Language (ASL).
Which means of access to the IPAWS Technical Support Services Facility (TSSF) allows for the following: (1) interactive discussions; (2) exercise plan review; (3) scenarios and hazards review; (4) access your alert origination tool; and (5) practice sending Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) within character limit.
A. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use
B. IPAWS TSSF Web viewer (IPAWS Message viewer)
C. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use and IPAWS TSSF Web viewer
D. IPAWS TSSF hands-on training
Which directive establishes the policy of the United States to have a national warning system used by government officials at all levels of government to alert and warn people of all hazards?
A. Public Law 93-288, The Stafford Act
B. Public Law 114-143, The IPAWS Modernization Act
C. Executive Order 13407, Public Alert and Warning System
D. 47 CFR Part 10, Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
Which stakeholder type offers additional dissemination pathways, other than EAS and WEA, that contribute to the alerting ecosystem to share as much information with the public as possible so that they can actively respond to hazards and threats?
A. Broadcasters and Cable Operators
B. Cross-Jurisdictional Alert Originators
C. Private Stakeholders
D. Wireless providers
My supervisor designated me and asked me to compose and issue an alert. Who am I?
A. An Alerting Administrator
B. An Alerting Authority
C. An Alert Originator
D. An Alert Originator or Alerting Administrator
Which means of access to the IPAWS Technical Support Services Facility (TSSF) allows for the following: (1) user-friendly webpage that verifies alert dissemination sent to the IPAWS Lab; (2) permits users to view alert status and error codes; (3) permits users to troubleshoot if necessary; and (4) alerts are available for review for 24 hours.
A. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use
B. IPAWS TSSF hands-on training
C. IPAWS TSSF Web viewer (IPAWS Message viewer)
D. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use and IPAWS TSSF Web viewer
WEA can support __________.
A. interpretation of alerts for improved response rates
B. English, French, and Spanish messaging in a single alert
C. translation of alert messages into the user’s primary language
D. English and Spanish messaging in a single alert
As the alert originator, when sending an emergency alert, all of the following apply except __________.
A. Alerts must use the appropriate dissemination pathways
B. Alerts must stay within the geographic warning area in your jurisdiction
C. You must use the event codes for which your alerting authority has been approved
D. Alerts must be sent via all pathways to reach as much of the public as possible
As an Alert Originator, which of the following communication pathways can I use to deliver a message through IPAWS?
A. Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), Internet Services, and Emerging Technologies.
B. Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), Internet Services, and the Weather Channel.
C. Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), National Emergency Network (NEN), Non-weather Emergency Messages (NWEM), and Internet Services.
D. Emergency Alert System (EAS), the Disaster Warning System (DWS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Internet Services.
I am the authority responsible for the implementation and use of IPAWS. Who am I?
A. An Alert Originator and Administrator
B. An Alerting Administrator
C. The IPAWS Program Management Office (PMO)
D. An Alert Originator
What authenticates the sender of a message prior to dissemination through multiple communication pathways?
A. IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN)
B. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
C. Alert Originator and Alerting Administrator
D. Internet Based Services
As an Alert Originator, I want to send an alert to mobile devices. Which alerting communication pathway would I use?
A. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
B. Emergency Alert System (EAS)
C. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
D. Internet Services
The Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) Training and Demonstration Environment (also referred to as the IPAWS TSSF Environment) is
A. an offline version of IPAWS that is an open/safe network to train, practice, and test
B. an online version of IPAWS which allows users to send a live alert to the public while training, practicing, and testing
C. an offline version of IPAWS that mimics live environment capabilities but is a closed/safe network to train, test, and practice
D. an offline version of IPAWS that mimics live environment capabilities where users can send live alerts to the public with guidance
Which stakeholders are a valuable resource helping Alerting Authorities to stay apprised of which codes are automatically forwarded and which are not according to their Emergency Alert System (EAS) plan?
A. Cross-jurisdictional Alerting Operators
B. Public sector companies
C. Wireless providers
D. Broadcasters and Cable Operators
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has adopted __________ to ensure compatibility with the requirements of existing and emerging dissemination systems.
A. IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN) System and Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
B. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) and Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
C. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) and the IPAWS Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Profile
D. Emergency Alert System (EAS) and Internet Based Services
How does one obtain an IPAWS Training and Demonstration Environment (also referred to as the IPAWS TSSF Environment) digital certificate?
A. By traveling to the IPAWS TSSF and completing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hands-on training course.
B. By accessing the IPAWS TSSF Environment and testing.
C. By completing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) online training course (IS-247).
D. By completing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) online training course (IS-247) and checking connectivity to the IPAWS TSSF Environment.
Which stakeholder offers additional dissemination channels that contribute to the alerting ecosystem to share as much information with the public as possible so that they can actively respond to hazards and threats?
A. Private sector companies
B. Wireless providers
C. Broadcasters and Cable Operators
D. Cross-jurisdictional Alerting Operators
The Alert Originator utilizes IPAWS in accordance with my plans, policies, and procedures to create and send out emergency messages. Who am I?
A. An Alerting Administrator
B. An Alerting Authority
C. An Alert Originator and Administrator
D. An Alert Originator
What is a distinct benefit of accessing the IPAWS Training and Demonstration Environment (also referred to as the IPAWS TSSF Environment) via the Web Viewer?
A. You have access to IPAWS TSSF equipment in order to demonstrate alert origination and dissemination
B. Build templates based on hazards
C. The IPAWS Message Viewer is available 24/7 thus, there is no need to schedule time with IPAWS TSSF personnel
D. Gain virtual hands-on experience
What are three important factors to keep in mind when initiating a message?
A. Understand the situation and the call to action; follow the established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); and create alerts based on your state laws.
B. Understand the situation and the call to action; follow the established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); and create alerts based on your designated permissions.
C. Understand the situation and the call to action; follow the established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); and create alerts based on previously used, successful alerts.
D. Understand the situation and the call to action; follow the national Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); and create alerts based on your local laws.
Identify the correct order of steps in the process to access the IPAWS Training and Demonstration Environment (also referred to as the IPAWS TSSF Environment).
A. Obtain IPAWS test digital certificate; user or vendor uploads test certificate to origination software; and confirm connectivity to the IPAWS TSSF Environment
B. Obtain IPAWS test digital certificate, user or vendor uploads test certificate to origination software, and confirm connectivity to the IPAWS Lab
C. Obtain IPAWS test digital certificate; check connectivity to the IPAWS TSSF Environment; user or vendor uploads test certificate to origination software; and create user logins for your team
D. Access your alert origination tool, practice Emergency Alert System (EAS) and Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) activation, and obtain IPAWS training and demonstration digital certificate
__________ provides compatibility with all types of information and public alerting systems, including those designed for multilingual and access and functional needs. populations
A. The IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN)
B. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
C. The Emergency Alert System (EAS)
D. The Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) System
To increase effectiveness, an alert message must be __________.
A. consistent across all platforms
B. translated by IPAWS into the primary language of the affected community
C. sent across the one platform that will reach 100 percent of the population
D. sent across the fewest platforms possible
The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) does which of the following?
A. Governs information interoperability across emergency response organizations and systems, and includes the Rules of Behavior.
B. Requires the execution of a MOA between the sponsoring organization and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
C. Replaces a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).
D. Assists with finding an appropriate contact for public alerting permissions in your area.
As the alert originator, you will select data elements to describe the emergency event in Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compliant alert authoring software. These data elements differ slightly between systems. Which answer choice contains examples of data elements typically used to describe emergencies?
A. Severity, Certainty, and Surety
B. Severity, Validity, and Urgency
C. Urgency, Severity, and Certainty
D. Validity, Frequency, and Urgency
The Collaborative Operating Group (COG) application process requires which of the following to be done?
A. The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is executed between the sponsoring organization and Alerting Authority.
B. The Customer Support Branch prepares a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for signature and returns it to the sponsoring organization with COG Identification (ID) number.
C. The Collaborative Operating Group (COG) provides proof that a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) has been executed between the sponsoring organization and a Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compatible software vendor.
D. A Collaborative Operating Group (COG) member sends an email to IPAWS with the subject line “COG Application.”
A Collaborative Operating Group (COG) applying to use IPAWS solely for the exchange of alerting information with other COGS is authorized to do so __________.
A. immediately upon becoming a COG
B. after successful completion of training by each member
C. upon approval by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
D. after completing an application (and receiving subsequent approval)
Which means of access to the IPAWS Technical Support Services Facility (TSSF) allows for the following: (1) participate in a webinar with IPAWS TSSF personnel; (2) virtual hands-on; (3) attendee shares screen; (4) verify connectivity to the IPAWS TSSF Environment; (5) practice and train according to your IPAWS Plan; (6) build templates based on hazards; (7) practice sending WEA with 90-360 characters; and (8) IPAWS TSSF equipment included to demonstrate alert origination and dissemination.
A. IPAWS TSSF Web viewer (IPAWS Message viewer)
B. IPAWS TSSF hands-on training
C. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use
D. Virtual IPAWS TSSF use and IPAWS TSSF Web viewer
The IPAWS Training and Demonstration Environment provides access to __________.
A. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA)
B. live messaging and translation services
C. webinars, training, and technical demonstrations
D. IPAWS Open Platform for Emergency Networks (OPEN)
Messages should be monitored for all of the following except:
A. to determine if the message is still valid
B. to send a follow-up message when the situation is over
C. a call to action for accurate public response
D. a status or situation changes
__________ is/are a simple, flexible data exchange standard for collecting and distributing “all-hazard” safety notifications and emergency warnings over information networks and public alerting systems.
A. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
B. Emergency Alert System (EAS)
C. Primary Entry Point (PEP)
D. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA )
What must Alerting Authorities consider when choosing the best pathway to reach the affected public during an emergency event?
A. The cost of utilizing each pathway.
B. Which pathway is best to reach the desired subset of the affected public.
C. Whether or not the pathway can accommodate Common Alerting Protocol (CAP).
D. The pathway’s jurisdictional parameters.
A decision-maker must consider which of the following criteria BEFORE deciding to issue a public warning?
A. Have state, local, or tribal emergency plans been reviewed?
B. Does the hazardous situation pose a serious threat to life or property?
C. Which event code is most appropriate for the situation at hand?
D. Have state, local, or tribal Emergency Alert Systems (EAS) been reviewed?
In my role, I determine the utilization of IPAWS and define its use through plans, policies, and procedures. Who am I?
A. An Alert Originator
B. An Alert Originator and Administrator
C. An Alerting Administrator
D. An Alerting Authority
A Collaborative Operating Group (COG) has the authority to send alerts to the public through IPAWS only after __________.
A. an application has been submitted and Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) compatible origination software has been purchased
B. the IPAWS Program Management Office (PMO) has approved a successfully executed application
C. an agreement to exchange alerting information with other COGs has been executed
D. a fully executed Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is issued and approval steps are completed at the state and/or tribal level